📔 Language
🔻Language is a system that associates sounds (or gestures) with meanings in a way that uses
words and sentences.
🔻Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. It tries to observe languages and describe them accurately and finds generalization within what has been described.
🔻It also draw conclusions about the general nature of human language.
📔 Applied linguistics attempts to make practical use of the knowledge derived from general
linguistic research – in order, for example, to:
🔻Improve the ways in which a student’s native language is taught.
🔻Help people learn foreign language more efficiently.
🔻Write better dictionaries.
🔻Improve therapy for people with language problems
🔻Search the Internet more efficiently and successfully.
📔 Linguistics overlaps and cooperates with: psychology, sociology, anthropology, philosophy, logic, mathematics, computer science, speech pathology, acoustics, music etc.
📔 Speech v/s Writing
🔻 Writing is claimed to be primary most of the time because written texts tend to be more carefully worded and better organized than spoken texts and
they contain fewer errors, hesitations, and incomplete sentences.
🔻Writing is also usually planned in advance and is subject to fewer time constraints.
🔻Historically, spoken language existed much earlier than writing.
Writing was most likely invented in Sumer (Mesopotamia, current Iraq) about 5500 years ago. Language probably exists for 40,000 or more.
🔻 There are many societies which only speak their language and do not write it and no society uses only a written language without spoken form.
🔻We learn to speak before we learn to write.
🔻Writing must be taught, whereas spoken language is acquired automatically.
🔻Psycholinguistic evidence suggest that the processing and production of written language is overlaid on the spoken language which centers in the brain.
🔻Speech contains information that writing lacks such as intonation, stress and voice quality.
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